{"id":1674,"date":"2011-09-22T22:06:38","date_gmt":"2011-09-22T14:06:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/faydao.com\/weblog\/1674.html"},"modified":"2011-09-23T12:01:14","modified_gmt":"2011-09-23T04:01:14","slug":"%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%e6%97%b6%e5%80%99%e8%a1%8c%e4%b8%ba%e5%86%b3%e5%ae%9a%e6%80%81%e5%ba%a6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/faydao.com\/weblog\/1674.html","title":{"rendered":"\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u884c\u4e3a\u51b3\u5b9a\u6001\u5ea6"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u300a<\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/book.douban.com\/subject\/1476651\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66<\/strong><\/a><strong>\u300b<\/strong>\uff08\u7b2c\u516b\u7248\uff09\u8bfb\u4e66\u7b14\u8bb0\u4e4b\u4e00<\/p>\n<p>\u7531David G. Myers\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u5df2\u7ecf\u518d\u7248\u81f3\u7b2c\u516b\u7248\uff0c\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5145\u6ee1\u4e50\u8da3\uff08\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e50\u8da3\u88ab\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\u51cf\u53bb\u4e0d\u5c11\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8bfb\u5230\u5173\u4e8e\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6001\u5ea6\u4e00\u7ae0\u65f6\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u7528\u4e86\u597d\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bf4\u660e\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u884c\u4e3a\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5f53\u4e0b\u548c\u8fc7\u53bb\u90fd\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u6709\u7528\u3002\u7531\u662f\u8bb0\u4e4b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u884c\u4e3a\u51b3\u5b9a\u6001\u5ea6<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1.\u89d2\u8272\u626e\u6f14<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6d25\u5df4\u591a\u7684\u65af\u5766\u798f\u76d1\u72f1\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff08Stanford prison experiment\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d25\u5df4\u591a\u968f\u673a\u9009\u53d6\u65af\u5766\u798f\u7684\u5728\u6821\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u5145\u5f53\u56da\u72af\u548c\u72f1\u5352\u30026\u5929\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u626e\u6f14\u8005\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u5b8c\u5168\u6295\u5165\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u626e\u6f14\u5178\u72f1\u957f\u7684\u6d25\u5df4\u591a\u6559\u6388\u3002\"\u56da\u72af\"\u4eec\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u670d\u4ece\uff0c\"\u72f1\u5352\"\u4eec\u548c\u5178\u72f1\u957f\u6162\u6162\u53d8\u5f97\u6b8b\u66b4\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u6076\u663e\u73b0\u65e0\u9057\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\"\u5bf9\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u865a\u5e7b\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u5047\u60f3\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff09\u5982\u4f55\u5fae\u5999\u5730\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u751f\u6daf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6559\u5e08\u3001\u519b\u4eba\u6216\u5546\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u4f1a\u5851\u9020\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u60f3\u50cf\u4e00\u4e0b\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u662f\u5974\u96b6\u89d2\u8272--\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec5\u4ec56\u5929\u800c\u662f10\u5e74\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6d25\u5df4\u591a'\u76d1\u72f1'\u4e2d\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5728\u77ed\u77ed\u51e0\u5929\u5c31\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u90a3\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e0b\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u9006\u6765\u987a\u53d7\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u600e\u6837\u7684\u8150\u8680\u6548\u5e94\u5427\u3002\"\uff08\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66 \u7b2c\u516b\u7248 P104\uff09<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u65af\u5766\u798f\u76d1\u72f1\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u663e\u5f97\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u6070\u5f53\uff1a\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u5974\u96b6\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u8fd8\u5728\u5f53\u5974\u96b6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6709\u6240\u83b7\uff1a\u6bd4\u5982\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u725b\u5976\u548c\u9762\u5305\u4f9b\u7ed9\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u725b\u5976\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c01\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u786e\u4fdd\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u4e09\u805a\u6c30\u80fa\u3002\u7136\u82e5\u5f53\u4e86\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u5974\u96b6\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u81ea\u89c9\u5730\u53bb\u7ef4\u62a4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4e3a\u4f55\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7591\u95ee\u7531\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u4e0d\u96be\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.\u8bed\u8a00\u4f55\u65f6\u53d8\u6210\u4fe1\u5ff5<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u4eba\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u53d6\u60a6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u542c\u4f17\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f20\u64ad\u597d\u6d88\u606f\u6bd4\u574f\u6d88\u606f\u8981\u5feb\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u542c\u4f17\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u6765\u8c03\u6574\u8981\u8bf4\u8bdd\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff08Manis &amp; others, 1974; Tesser &amp; others, 1972; Tetlock, 1983\uff09\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u542c\u4f17\u6765\u8c03\u6574\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u8bf4\u8fc7\u4ee5\u540e\u4e5f\u4f1a\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u6b6a\u66f2\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u662f\u4ee5\u5728\u8bf4\u8c0e\u6210\u6027\u7684\u56fd\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u96be\u89c1\u5230\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u4eba\u5728\u53f0\u4e0a\u62ff\u7740\u53ef\u7b11\u800c\u8352\u8c2c\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u4e00\u672c\u6b63\u7ecf\u5730\u8bfb\uff0c\u53f0\u4e0b\u4e5f\u4e00\u672c\u6b63\u7ecf\u5730\u76f8\u4fe1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d2f\u7a7f\u5176\u4e00\u751f\u3002\u5f53\u8c0e\u8a00\u548c\u6b3a\u9a97\u6210\u4e86\u5176\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u96be\u60f3\u8c61\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u6bdb\u6da6\u4e4b\u7684\u7c89\u4e1d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>3.\u767b\u95e8\u69db\u73b0\u8c61<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4f53\u4f1a\u5427\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u5728\u7b54\u5e94\u5e2e\u52a9\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e2\u4f53\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u540e\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u4f1a\u6bd4\u6700\u521d\u8bbe\u60f3\u5f97\u8fd8\u8981\u591a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u53d1\u8a93\u5c06\u6765\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7b54\u5e94\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fc7\u60f3\u8981\u522b\u4eba\u5e2e\u4f60\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u5fd9\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u5148\u8bf7\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e2e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5fd9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u767b\u95e8\u69db\u73b0\u8c61\uff08foot-in-the-door phenomenon\uff09\u88ab\u8bc1\u5b9e\u5341\u5206\u6709\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5047\u626e\u6210\u5b89\u5168\u9a7e\u9a76\u7684\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf7\u6c42\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eba\u79cd\u9662\u5b50\u9762\u524d\u5b89\u7f6e\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u3001\u5370\u5237\u6bd4\u8f83\u7c97\u7cd9\u7684\"\u5b89\u5168\u9a7e\u9a76\"\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u53ea\u670917%\u7684\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eba\u7b54\u5e94\u4e86\u3002\u7136\u540e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5c31\u8bf7\u6c42\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4eba\u5148\u5e2e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5fd9\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7a97\u53e3\u5b89\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a3\u82f1\u5bf8\u7684\"\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b89\u5168\u9a7e\u9a76\u8005\"\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u5417\uff1f\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u6b23\u7136\u7b54\u5e94\u4e86\u3002\u4e24\u5468\u540e\uff0c76%\u7684\u4eba\u540c\u610f\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9662\u5b50\u524d\u7ad6\u7acb\u8d77\u5927\u4e8c\u4e11\u964b\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u6807\u5fd7\uff08Freedman &amp; Fraser, 1966\uff09\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u5e2e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c0f\u5fd9\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u6b23\u7136\u7b54\u5e94\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u5730\u4ed6\u4f1a\u63d0\u51fa\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4f60\u6162\u6162\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u5230\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u5f88\u8fc7\u5206\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u8bf4\u4e00\u53e5\"\u4f60\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5e2e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u4e86\"\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u600e\u4e48\u6289\u62e9\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e24\u5929\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e24\u5e74\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6301\u7eed\u5341\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\uff0c\u4f60\u5f53\u5982\u4f55\u6289\u62e9\uff1f\u6216\u8005\u4f60\u7684\u5185\u5fc3\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8bf4\u4e00\u53e5\uff1a\u90fd\u5e2e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n<p>\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u62d2\u7edd\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u80a5\u7682\u5267\u4e2d\u5e38\u770b\u5230\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc3\u8f6f\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u9677\u5165\u9b54\u722a\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5f53\u4f60\u4f38\u51fa\u4f60\u7684\u624b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u597d\uff0c\u524d\u65b9\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6df1\u4e0d\u89c1\u5e95\u7684\u6df1\u6e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>4.\u90aa\u6076\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u6001\u5ea6<\/strong><br \/>\n<a title=\"\u5e2e\u51f6\u4eec\uff0c\u4f60\u540c\u6837\u7f6a\u5927\u6076\u6781 by \u5c0f\u5200\u5468\u8fdc, on Flickr\" href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/faydao\/6174303592\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/farm7.static.flickr.com\/6173\/6174303592_6a84d9d5a3_z.jpg\" alt=\"\u5e2e\u51f6\u4eec\uff0c\u4f60\u540c\u6837\u7f6a\u5927\u6076\u6781\" width=\"480\" height=\"640\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<em>\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u81ea<a href=\"http:\/\/www.wujunyong.com\/gallery\/?dir=2011-chaos\" target=\"_blank\">Wujunyong\u7684\u4e71\u76f8<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u884c\u4e3a\u51b3\u5b9a\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u90aa\u6076\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u6765\u81ea\u9010\u6e10\u5347\u7ea7\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u8d77\u773c\u7684\u6076\u884c\u4f1a\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u6076\u52a3\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\uff08P106-107\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u7684\u5b88\u536b\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u4ee5\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u5f85\u56da\u72af\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4f1a\u957f\u4e45\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u6267\u884c\u6b7b\u5211\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u4e5f\u8bb8\u8d77\u521d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u611f\u5230\u53cd\u611f\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u611f\u89c9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6301\u4e45\uff08Waller,2002\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u548c\u5e73\u5e74\u4ee3\u6001\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4f9d\u4ece\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5974\u5f79\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d7\u5974\u5f79\u8005\u751f\u6765\u5c31\u5177\u5907\u53d7\u538b\u8feb\u7684\u7279\u8d28\u3002\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u6001\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4e92\u76f8\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8fbe\u5230\u9053\u5fb7\u9ebb\u6728\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u8d8a\u662f\u4f24\u5bb3\u4ed6\u4eba\u5e76\u540c\u65f6\u8c03\u6574\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u5176\u4f24\u5bb3\u884c\u4e3a\u8d8a\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u53d8\u5f02\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90aa\u6076\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4f1a\u5851\u9020\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd8\u597d\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5851\u9020\u81ea\u6211\u3002\uff08P107\uff09<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u800c\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u521d\u5411\u67cf\u6797\u5899\u7ffb\u8d8a\u8005\u5f00\u67aa\u7684\u4e1c\u5fb7\u58eb\u5175\uff1a\u67cf\u6797\u5899\u5012\u584c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5ba1\u5224\u4e00\u4f4d\u66fe\u5f00\u67aa\u6253\u6b7b\u6b63\u7ffb\u8d8a\u67cf\u6797\u7684\u4e1c\u5fb7\u8b66\u5bdf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u8b66\u5bdf\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u4e0a\u7ea7\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3a\u7531\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\u8fa9\u62a4\u3002\u5ba1\u5224\u5b98\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\"\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8b66\u5bdf\uff0c\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u4e0a\u7ea7\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u6709\u7f6a\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6253\u4e0d\u51c6\u662f\u65e0\u7f6a\u7684\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc3\u667a\u5065\u5168\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u6b64\u523b\uff0c\u4f60\u6709\u628a\u67aa\u53e3\u62ac\u9ad8\u4e00\u5398\u7c73\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u6743\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4f60\u5e94\u4e3b\u52a8\u627f\u62c5\u7684\u826f\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>5.\u79cd\u65cf\u95f4\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u6001\u5ea6<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u5982\u679c\u9053\u5fb7\u884c\u4e3a\u5f71\u54cd\u9053\u5fb7\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u5417--\u771f\u7684\u4f1a\u50cf\u5b89\u5168\u5e26\u52a8\u4f7f\u7528\u4f1a\u4fc3\u4f7f\u66f4\u591a\u4eba\u8d5e\u6210\u4f7f\u7528\u5b89\u5168\u5e26\u90a3\u6837\u5417\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u4e8e1954\u5e74\u51b3\u5b9a\u5e9f\u9664\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u5236\u5b66\u6821\u65f6\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8bc1\u8bcd\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd9\u6837\u8fa9\u9a73\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u4eba\u5fc3\u6539\u53d8--\u901a\u8fc7\u9f13\u5439\u548c\u6559\u5bfc--\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u8981\u4e3a\u79cd\u65cf\u5e73\u7b49\u7b49\u4e0a\u5f88\u957f\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u9053\u5fb7\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u80fd\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\u4e0e\"\u4f60\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ed9\u9053\u5fb7\u7acb\u6cd5\"\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u76f8\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6001\u5ea6\u786e\u5b9e\u968f\u7740\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5e9f\u9664\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u660e\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u4e3a\u4f1a\u589e\u5f3a\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u597d\u611f\u3002\u7ed9\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5e2e\u5fd9\uff0c\u6216\u8f85\u5bfc\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u589e\u5f3a\u5bf9\u53d7\u52a9\u8005\u7684\u597d\u611f\uff08Blanchard &amp; Cook, 1976 \uff09\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u7262\u8bb0\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u66f4\u7231\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4f60\u771f\u7684\u7231\u4ed6\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u4e3a\u9053\u5fb7\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6700\u5149\u8f89\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>6.\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\u602a\u517d\u90fd\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u521b\u9020\u7684 by \u5c0f\u5200\u5468\u8fdc, on Flickr\" href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/faydao\/6173776563\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/farm7.static.flickr.com\/6166\/6173776563_573165e156_z.jpg\" alt=\"\u602a\u517d\u90fd\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u521b\u9020\u7684\" width=\"480\" height=\"640\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<em>\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u81ea<a href=\"http:\/\/www.wujunyong.com\/gallery\/?dir=2011-chaos\" target=\"_blank\">Wujunyong\u7684\u4e71\u76f8<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u79cd\u65cf\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u5371\u9669\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u4e3a\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u800c\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f71\u54cd\u8fd0\u7528\u5230\u516c\u4f17\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u7eb3\u7cb9\u96c6\u4f1a\u3001\u8eab\u7a7f\u5236\u670d\u3001\u793a\u5a01\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u516c\u4f17\u81f4\u610f\"\u55e8\uff01\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\"\u4f7f\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6Grunberger\u57281971\u5e74\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u6000\u7591\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\"\u90a3\u79cd'\u5fb7\u56fd\u793c\u8282'\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u8c03\u8282\u5668\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u51b3\u5b9a\u541f\u8bf5\u5b83\u5e76\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5916\u5728\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u4eba\u2026\u2026\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u611f\u89c9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u6df1\u611f\u4e0d\u9002\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7981\u6b62\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u8868\u81ea\u5df1\u76f8\u4fe1\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u5c1d\u8bd5\u901a\u8fc7\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u5f3a\u8feb\u81ea\u5df1\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u8bdd\u6765\u5e73\u8861\u5fc3\u6001\u3002\"<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51c6\u5219\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6743\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u4eea\u5f0f--\u5b66\u751f\u6bcf\u5929\u5347\u56fd\u65d7\u656c\u793c\u3001\u5531\u56fd\u6b4c--\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7231\u56fd\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u6d41\u6bd2\u7559\u5b58\u81f3\u4eca\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u8868\u8fbe\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u5f3a\u8feb\u81ea\u5df1\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u4e4b\u524d\u8d28\u7591\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u4e0e\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u53ef\u7b11\u4e4b\u5904\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u9769\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u73b0\u5728\uff09\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e00\u8fb9\u5531\u7740\u4e1c\u65b9\u7ea2\uff08\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u662f\u5927\u6551\u661f\uff09\uff0c\u5374\u53c8\u4e00\u8fb9\u5531\u7740\u56fd\u9645\u6b4c\uff08\u4ece\u6765\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u6551\u4e16\u4e3b\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5531\u591a\u51e0\u6b21\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5c31\u51e0\u4e4e\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u4e3a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5316\u6210\u4e3a\u5176\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5728\u5916\u4eba\u770b\u6765\u518d\u53ef\u7b11\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f53\u6210\u795e\u5723\u65e0\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u636e<a href=\"http:\/\/faydao.tumblr.com\/post\/10507020951\" target=\"_blank\">\u672c\u65e5\u7684\u8bfb\u4e66\u7b14\u8bb0\u6574\u7406<\/a>\u800c\u6210<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\uff08\u7b2c\u516b\u7248\uff09\u8bfb\u4e66\u7b14\u8bb0\u4e4b\u4e00 \u7531David G. Myers\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u5df2\u7ecf\u518d\u7248\u81f3\u7b2c\u516b\u7248\uff0c\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5145\u6ee1\u4e50\u8da3\uff08\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e50\u8da3\u88ab\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\u51cf\u53bb\u4e0d\u5c11\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8bfb\u5230\u5173\u4e8e\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6001\u5ea6\u4e00\u7ae0\u65f6\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u7528\u4e86\u597d\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bf4\u660e\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u884c\u4e3a\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5f53\u4e0b\u548c\u8fc7\u53bb\u90fd\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u6709\u7528\u3002\u7531\u662f\u8bb0\u4e4b\u3002 \u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u884c\u4e3a\u51b3\u5b9a\u6001\u5ea6 1.\u89d2\u8272\u626e\u6f14 \u5728\u6d25\u5df4\u591a\u7684\u65af\u5766\u798f\u76d1\u72f1\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff08Stanford prison experiment\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d25\u5df4\u591a\u968f\u673a\u9009\u53d6\u65af\u5766\u798f\u7684\u5728\u6821\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u5145\u5f53\u56da\u72af\u548c\u72f1\u5352\u30026\u5929\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u626e\u6f14\u8005\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u5b8c\u5168\u6295\u5165\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u626e\u6f14\u5178\u72f1\u957f\u7684\u6d25\u5df4\u591a\u6559\u6388\u3002\"\u56da\u72af\"\u4eec\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u670d\u4ece\uff0c\"\u72f1\u5352\"\u4eec\u548c\u5178\u72f1\u957f\u6162\u6162\u53d8\u5f97\u6b8b\u66b4\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u6076\u663e\u73b0\u65e0\u9057\u3002 \"\u5bf9\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u865a\u5e7b\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u5047\u60f3\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff09\u5982\u4f55\u5fae\u5999\u5730\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u751f\u6daf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6559\u5e08\u3001\u519b\u4eba\u6216\u5546\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u4f1a\u5851\u9020\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u60f3\u50cf\u4e00\u4e0b\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u662f\u5974\u96b6\u89d2\u8272--\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec5\u4ec56\u5929\u800c\u662f10\u5e74\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6d25\u5df4\u591a'\u76d1\u72f1'\u4e2d\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5728\u77ed\u77ed\u51e0\u5929\u5c31\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u90a3\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e0b\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u9006\u6765\u987a\u53d7\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u600e\u6837\u7684\u8150\u8680\u6548\u5e94\u5427\u3002\"\uff08\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66 \u7b2c\u516b\u7248 P104\uff09 \u65af\u5766\u798f\u76d1\u72f1\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u663e\u5f97\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u6070\u5f53\uff1a\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u5974\u96b6\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u8fd8\u5728\u5f53\u5974\u96b6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6709\u6240\u83b7\uff1a\u6bd4\u5982\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u725b\u5976\u548c\u9762\u5305\u4f9b\u7ed9\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u725b\u5976\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c01\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u786e\u4fdd\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u4e09\u805a\u6c30\u80fa\u3002\u7136\u82e5\u5f53\u4e86\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u5974\u96b6\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u81ea\u89c9\u5730\u53bb\u7ef4\u62a4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4e3a\u4f55\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7591\u95ee\u7531\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u4e0d\u96be\u3002 2.\u8bed\u8a00\u4f55\u65f6\u53d8\u6210\u4fe1\u5ff5 \u4eba\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u53d6\u60a6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u542c\u4f17\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f20\u64ad\u597d\u6d88\u606f\u6bd4\u574f\u6d88\u606f\u8981\u5feb\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u542c\u4f17\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u6765\u8c03\u6574\u8981\u8bf4\u8bdd\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff08Manis &amp; others, 1974; Tesser &amp; others, 1972; Tetlock, 1983\uff09\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u542c\u4f17\u6765\u8c03\u6574\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u8bf4\u8fc7\u4ee5\u540e\u4e5f\u4f1a\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u6b6a\u66f2\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u662f\u4ee5\u5728\u8bf4\u8c0e\u6210\u6027\u7684\u56fd\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u96be\u89c1\u5230\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u4eba\u5728\u53f0\u4e0a\u62ff\u7740\u53ef\u7b11\u800c\u8352\u8c2c\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u4e00\u672c\u6b63\u7ecf\u5730\u8bfb\uff0c\u53f0\u4e0b\u4e5f\u4e00\u672c\u6b63\u7ecf\u5730\u76f8\u4fe1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d2f\u7a7f\u5176\u4e00\u751f\u3002\u5f53\u8c0e\u8a00\u548c\u6b3a\u9a97\u6210\u4e86\u5176\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u96be\u60f3\u8c61\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u6bdb\u6da6\u4e4b\u7684\u7c89\u4e1d\u3002 3.\u767b\u95e8\u69db\u73b0\u8c61 \u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4f53\u4f1a\u5427\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u5728\u7b54\u5e94\u5e2e\u52a9\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e2\u4f53\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u540e\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u4f1a\u6bd4\u6700\u521d\u8bbe\u60f3\u5f97\u8fd8\u8981\u591a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u53d1\u8a93\u5c06\u6765\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7b54\u5e94\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fc7\u60f3\u8981\u522b\u4eba\u5e2e\u4f60\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u5fd9\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u5148\u8bf7\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e2e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5fd9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u767b\u95e8\u69db\u73b0\u8c61\uff08foot-in-the-door phenomenon\uff09\u88ab\u8bc1\u5b9e\u5341\u5206\u6709\u6548\u3002 \u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5047\u626e\u6210\u5b89\u5168\u9a7e\u9a76\u7684\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf7\u6c42\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eba\u79cd\u9662\u5b50\u9762\u524d\u5b89\u7f6e\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u3001\u5370\u5237\u6bd4\u8f83\u7c97\u7cd9\u7684\"\u5b89\u5168\u9a7e\u9a76\"\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u53ea\u670917%\u7684\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eba\u7b54\u5e94\u4e86\u3002\u7136\u540e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5c31\u8bf7\u6c42\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4eba\u5148\u5e2e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5fd9\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7a97\u53e3\u5b89\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a3\u82f1\u5bf8\u7684\"\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b89\u5168\u9a7e\u9a76\u8005\"\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u5417\uff1f\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u6b23\u7136\u7b54\u5e94\u4e86\u3002\u4e24\u5468\u540e\uff0c76%\u7684\u4eba\u540c\u610f\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9662\u5b50\u524d\u7ad6\u7acb\u8d77\u5927\u4e8c\u4e11\u964b\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u6807\u5fd7\uff08Freedman &amp; Fraser, 1966\uff09\u3002 \u5f53\u4f60\u5e2e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c0f\u5fd9\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u6b23\u7136\u7b54\u5e94\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u5730\u4ed6\u4f1a\u63d0\u51fa\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4f60\u6162\u6162\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u5230\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u5f88\u8fc7\u5206\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u8bf4\u4e00\u53e5\"\u4f60\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5e2e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u4e86\"\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u600e\u4e48\u6289\u62e9\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e24\u5929\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e24\u5e74\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6301\u7eed\u5341\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\uff0c\u4f60\u5f53\u5982\u4f55\u6289\u62e9\uff1f\u6216\u8005\u4f60\u7684\u5185\u5fc3\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8bf4\u4e00\u53e5\uff1a\u90fd\u5e2e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u2026\u2026 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\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\u4e0e\"\u4f60\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ed9\u9053\u5fb7\u7acb\u6cd5\"\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u76f8\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6001\u5ea6\u786e\u5b9e\u968f\u7740\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5e9f\u9664\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u6539\u53d8\u3002 \u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u660e\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u4e3a\u4f1a\u589e\u5f3a\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u597d\u611f\u3002\u7ed9\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5e2e\u5fd9\uff0c\u6216\u8f85\u5bfc\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u589e\u5f3a\u5bf9\u53d7\u52a9\u8005\u7684\u597d\u611f\uff08Blanchard &amp; Cook, 1976 \uff09\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u7262\u8bb0\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u66f4\u7231\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4f60\u771f\u7684\u7231\u4ed6\u3002 \u4e3a\u9053\u5fb7\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6700\u5149\u8f89\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u3002 6.\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8 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