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Rosenthal, R. &amp; Jacobson, L. , 1968. Pygmalion in the classroom. New York: Holt, Rinehart &amp; Winstion. Rosenthal, R. 2002. The Pygmalion effect and its mediating mechanisms. In J. Aronson (Ed.), Improving academic achievment: Impact of psychological factors on education. San Diego : Academic Press<\/p>\n<p>[2]: For reviews and disscusion, see Tajfel , H. 1981, Human groups and social categories. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. Turner, J. C. 1987. Rediscovering the social group. New York : Basil Blackwell.<\/p>\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u6574\u7406\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u52a8\u7269\u300b\u7684\u8bfb\u4e66\u7b14\u8bb0\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e00\u5e74\u5feb\u4e03\u4e2a\u6708\u4e86\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u90a3\u672c\u88ab\u6211\u5212\u6ee1\u5b57\u7684\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u5c31\u5728\u6211\u7684\u5e8a\u5934\u67dc\u4e0a\u8eba\u4e86\u4e00\u5e74\u5feb\u4e03\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u7070\u5c18\u64e6\u4e86\u53c8\u6ee1\uff0c\u6ee1\u4e86\u53c8\u64e6\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u4e70\u6765\u672a\u8bfb\u7684\u4e66\u7684\u5fc3\u5883\uff1a\u6127\u759a\uff0c\u6b20\u503a\u4f3c\u7684\u3002 \u4ee5\u4e0b\u7f16\u53f7\u7eed\u4e0a\u7bc7\u3002 21 :\u5206\u7c7b\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9a\u578b \u8c01\u66f4\u6210\u5668\uff1f 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\u7279\u522b\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u88ab\u8bd5\u4eec\u4f1a\u5411\u90a3\u4e9b\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u4eba\u5206\u914d\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u91d1\u94b1\u548c\u5956\u8d4f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u503e\u5411\u53ef\u80fd\u6784\u6210\u79cd\u65cf\u6216\u8005\u6c11\u65cf\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u6c11\u65cf\u504f\u89c1\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7d20\u4e0d\u76f8\u8bc6\u7684\u4e00\u7fa4\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7a81\u7136\u53d1\u73b0\u5f7c\u6b64\u62e5\u6709\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff1a\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u77ac\u95f4\u7ec4\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u7fa4\u4f53\u5185\u6709\u5947\u8469\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u4eba\u4e88\u4ee5\u5bbd\u5bb9\u3002\u90a3\u5f53\u8be5\u5947\u8469\u62e5\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u88ab\u51a0\u4ee5\u201c\u5176\u4ed6\u6c11\u65cf\u201d\u7684\u4eba\u4ee5\u504f\u89c1\u3001\u6b67\u89c6\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u5c31\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5f02\u65cf\u3001\u5f02\u7c7b\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002 \u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a [1]: Rosenthal, R. &amp; Jacobson, L. , 1968. Pygmalion in the classroom. New York: Holt, Rinehart &amp; Winstion. Rosenthal, R. 2002. The Pygmalion effect and its mediating mechanisms. 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